先保证人员和设备安全 Protect people and equipment first
卡钎时立即停止推进和异常操作，按现场安全制度停机、断气、卸压后处理，避免人员站在钎具受力或可能弹出的方向。 Stop thrust and abnormal operation when steel jams. Follow site rules to stop, isolate air and depressurize before intervention. Keep people out of loaded-tool and possible ejection directions.
外部原因需要成套排查 Check external causes as a system
岩层裂隙、孔位偏斜、推进不当、供气波动、钎尾钎杆钻头不匹配和异常磨损都可能参与形成问题。 Rock fractures, hole deviation, unsuitable thrust, air fluctuations, mismatched shank/steel/bit and abnormal wear can all contribute.
保留断口和磨损证据 Preserve fracture and wear evidence
不要只更换单件后丢弃证据，应记录孔位、工况、钎具批次、断口和磨损照片，交由专业人员判断。 Do not discard evidence after replacing a part. Record hole position, conditions, tooling batch and photographs of fractures/wear for qualified assessment.
- 岩层和孔位 Rock layers and hole position
- 推进与供气 Thrust and air supply
- 钎具匹配 Tooling compatibility
- 断口及磨损照片 Fracture and wear photographs
- 设备与钎具批次 Machine and tooling batches